Tuesday, October 22, 2013

Global climate spending falling further behind target


By Nina Chestney


LONDON (Reuters) - Global spending to combat climate change fell last year and remains far below the level needed to prevent its most dangerous effects, a report by the Climate Policy Initiative said on Tuesday.


Investment in renewable energy, energy efficiency and adaptation to climate change totaled $359 billion, $5 billion less than in 2011, as an economic slowdown hit state and private-sector budgets.


The International Energy Agency estimated last year that $5 trillion of investment in clean energy alone was needed by 2020 to keep a rise in global temperatures to within 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit).


Scientists say that threshold is the minimum required to avoid the most devastating effects of climate change, such as the melting of ice caps and catastrophic rises in sea level.


"Investment to combat and adapt to climate change is happening around the world, but it's short of where it needs to be and efforts to grow it have not been successful enough," said Thomas Heller, executive director of the Climate Policy Initiative. CPI promotes efforts to wean economies off the fossil fuels that scientists believe are almost certainly the main cause of industrial-era global warming.


Private investment accounted for 62 percent, or $224 billion, of total global climate investment in 2012, while public sources of finance such as incentives, loans and project investment accounted for the rest, CPI's report said. ( www.ClimatePolicyInitiative.org )


Rich countries received $177 billion of investment in climate change activities last year, while developing countries received $182 billion, the Climate Policy Initiative said.


Meanwhile, the OECD said this month that governments around the world spent $523 billion in 2011 on subsidizing fossil fuels.


Next month, more than 190 governments will meet in Warsaw for United Nations climate negotiations, hoping to make progress on a deal to cut greenhouse gas emissions that should be signed by 2015.


On the agenda at that meeting will be the question of raising money to support developing countries tackle and adapt to climate change.


Governments have already agreed to raise $100 billion a year by 2020, but a fund set up to channel some of that money is still not operational.


At a conference in London on Monday, U.N. climate chief Christiana Figueres said most of the money needed to combat climate change would have to come from the private sector.


"$100 billion is the tail that is going to wag the dog. The financing needed is $1 trillion a year - that is what needs to be mobilized," she said.


(In paragraph 7, Climate Policy Initiative corrects its earlier information. The amounts refer to investment received by countries, not investments made)


(Editing by Kevin Liffey and Dale Hudson)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/global-climate-spending-falling-further-behind-target-report-000250301--sector.html
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Disaster Planning Often Overlooks Disabled (Voice Of America)

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Lauren Holly’s Blog: Am I Raising a Liar?

In her blog, Holly recounts the mystery of the disappearing soda and fears she is raising a liar when none of her boys confess.Source: http://feeds.celebritybabies.com/~r/celebrity-babies/~3/PJ7gBMBf_Ns/
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Maternal smoking may impair infant immunity, causing a broad range of infections

Maternal smoking may impair infant immunity, causing a broad range of infections


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Contact: Debbie Jacobson
djacobson@aap.org
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American Academy of Pediatrics



Smoking cessation, even during pregnancy, may reduce infant hospitalizations and death




ORLANDO. Fla. Maternal smoking is associated with both respiratory and non-respiratory infections in infants, resulting in increased risk for hospitalization and death, according to an abstract to be presented Sunday, Oct. 27, at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) National Conference and Exhibition in Orlando.


In "Maternal Smoking During pregnancy and Infant Infectious Disease Morbidity and Mortality," published earlier this year in the journal Pediatric Infectious Diseases, researchers reviewed hospitalization records and death certificates of 50,000 infants born in the state of Washington between 1987 and 2004. The case-control study assessed infant hospitalizations and deaths due to respiratory and non-respiratory infectious disease.


The infants of mothers who smoked were 50 percent more likely to be admitted to a hospital or die from any of a wide variety of infectious diseases than babies of mothers who did not smoke.


"We've known for a long time that babies born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy are at high risk for serious medical problems relating to low birth weight, premature delivery and poor lung development," said lead study author Abigail Halperin, MD, MPH. "While respiratory infections have been recognized as a common cause of these sometimes life-threatening illnesses, this study shows that babies exposed to smoke in utero also have increased risk for hospitalization and death from a much broader range of infectionsboth respiratory and non-respiratorythan we knew before."


The findings were largely independent of birth weight and gestational age, "thus even full-term babies with normal weight are at increased risk for hospitalization or death from multiple types of infections if their mother smoked," said Dr. Halperin. The results suggest that exposure to smoke during pregnancy harms infants' immune responses more generally, not just within the respiratory system, she said.


The study also found that when mothers cut back on their cigarette smoking or quit part way through their pregnancy, it seems to lower their child's risk of infection, said Dr. Halperin. "Counseling pregnant women to reduce their smoking, if they are not able to quit completely, may help reduce infant hospitalizations or death," she said.


###

The American Academy of Pediatrics is an organization of 60,000 primary care pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists and pediatric surgical specialists dedicated to the health, safety and well being of infants, children, adolescents and young adults. For more information, visit http://www.aap.org.




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Maternal smoking may impair infant immunity, causing a broad range of infections


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21-Oct-2013



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Contact: Debbie Jacobson
djacobson@aap.org
847-434-7084
American Academy of Pediatrics



Smoking cessation, even during pregnancy, may reduce infant hospitalizations and death




ORLANDO. Fla. Maternal smoking is associated with both respiratory and non-respiratory infections in infants, resulting in increased risk for hospitalization and death, according to an abstract to be presented Sunday, Oct. 27, at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) National Conference and Exhibition in Orlando.


In "Maternal Smoking During pregnancy and Infant Infectious Disease Morbidity and Mortality," published earlier this year in the journal Pediatric Infectious Diseases, researchers reviewed hospitalization records and death certificates of 50,000 infants born in the state of Washington between 1987 and 2004. The case-control study assessed infant hospitalizations and deaths due to respiratory and non-respiratory infectious disease.


The infants of mothers who smoked were 50 percent more likely to be admitted to a hospital or die from any of a wide variety of infectious diseases than babies of mothers who did not smoke.


"We've known for a long time that babies born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy are at high risk for serious medical problems relating to low birth weight, premature delivery and poor lung development," said lead study author Abigail Halperin, MD, MPH. "While respiratory infections have been recognized as a common cause of these sometimes life-threatening illnesses, this study shows that babies exposed to smoke in utero also have increased risk for hospitalization and death from a much broader range of infectionsboth respiratory and non-respiratorythan we knew before."


The findings were largely independent of birth weight and gestational age, "thus even full-term babies with normal weight are at increased risk for hospitalization or death from multiple types of infections if their mother smoked," said Dr. Halperin. The results suggest that exposure to smoke during pregnancy harms infants' immune responses more generally, not just within the respiratory system, she said.


The study also found that when mothers cut back on their cigarette smoking or quit part way through their pregnancy, it seems to lower their child's risk of infection, said Dr. Halperin. "Counseling pregnant women to reduce their smoking, if they are not able to quit completely, may help reduce infant hospitalizations or death," she said.


###

The American Academy of Pediatrics is an organization of 60,000 primary care pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists and pediatric surgical specialists dedicated to the health, safety and well being of infants, children, adolescents and young adults. For more information, visit http://www.aap.org.




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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-10/aaop-msm101713.php
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Nokia Lumia 2520 10-inch tablet unveiled with Windows RT and LTE for $499

Over a year and a half ago, Marko Ahtisaari, then Nokia's Head of Product Design, confessed that he was spending at least a third of his time working on a tablet. The company's stayed relatively quiet about the mysterious device since then (despite numerous leaks pointing to its existence), but ...


Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/YIMgGiX57cU/
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Alright, What's Up With That? (talking-points-memo)

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Christie's Gay Marriage Decision Has Primary Consequences





Republican New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie debates Democratic challenger Barbara Buono at Montclair University in Montclair, N.J., on Tuesday. Christie's decision not to fight gay marriage in the state takes away an issue Buono had been campaigning hard on.



Mel Evans/AP


Republican New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie debates Democratic challenger Barbara Buono at Montclair University in Montclair, N.J., on Tuesday. Christie's decision not to fight gay marriage in the state takes away an issue Buono had been campaigning hard on.


Mel Evans/AP


Republican Chris Christie's decision Monday to drop his administration's legal challenge to same-sex marriage made perfect sense for the governor of New Jersey,


But for the potential 2016 presidential candidate, whose path would presumably start in Iowa — where the Republican Party is dominated by social conservatives — the calculation is a bit more complicated.


Bob Vander Plaats, Iowa's powerful evangelical conservative, put it bluntly Monday.


"Gov. Christie has basically backed away from one of the most fundamental social institutions — marriage, between one man and one woman," said Vander Plaats, who heads The Family Leader organization and is considering a U.S. Senate run.


"This is not going to play well for him if he chooses to enter the Republican primary for president of the United States," he said. "It will have tentacles way beyond Iowa."


Politicos in New Hampshire, which traditionally follows Iowa in the primary ramp up, disagree.


"In no way does this negatively affect Gov. Christie here," says James Pindell, who writes Political Scoop and is the on-air political analyst for New Hampshire's WMUR-Channel 9.


"We've had gay marriage here since 2009," Pindell says, noting that it was a Republican-dominated state Legislature that beat back the last attempt to repeal the law.


"The lay of the land is not Iowa," he says.


Now, let's back up.


In New Jersey, polls show that more than 60 percent of voters support legalizing gay marriage and that an overwhelming majority wanted Christie — who is running for re-election next month — to drop his appeal of a court decision legalizing same-sex marriage in the state.


The openly gay daughter of Christie's Democratic opponent in the race, state Sen. Barbara Buono, has also been using the governor's opposition to same-sex marriage — he vetoed the state gay marriage bill last year — to help raise money for her mom.


"For Christie, this takes away an issue that Barbara Buono had been hitting hard," says Bob Ingle, senior political columnist for Gannett New Jersey newspapers. "We're a blue state, and the surprise in this was that it took this long."


Christie, who as a politician has consistently opposed same-sex marriage, couched his announcement in familiar conservative "activist court" terms.


"Although the governor strongly disagrees with the court substituting its judgment for the constitutional process of the elected branches or a vote of the people," a statement from his office read, "the court has now spoken clearly as to their view of the New Jersey Constitution, and, therefore, same-sex marriage is the law."


Christie's decision to abandon a legal challenge came on the same day The Washington Post published a front-page article on efforts by some deep-pocketed Republican donors to "push the party toward a more welcoming middle ground."


That middle ground may ultimately be occupied by candidates who oppose same-sex marriage, the paper reported, but donors like hedge fund executive Paul Singer, whose son is gay, are encouraging rhetoric that is less hateful and supporting federal legislation barring workplace discrimination against gay Americans.


"It's important to remember that LGBT equality is more than just marriage," says Michael Cole-Schwartz of the Human Rights Campaign, a national gay rights advocacy group.


The campaign is working with Singer's American Unity Fund to promote the federal Employment Non-Discrimination Act, which would prohibit hiring and workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity. The Senate, controlled by Democrats, is expected to consider it before year's end, Cole-Schwartz says.


Its prospects for seeing daylight in the GOP-controlled House, however, remain dim, at best.


"We do realize," Cole-Schwartz says, "that the House Republican leadership has not shown any appetite to bring these measures to a vote."


In Iowa, Vander Plaats dismissed the "middle ground" efforts as a rejection of what he characterized as "core value issues."


"If the party and party leaders walk away from core value issues, this wing will walk away from the party," he said. "The party needs a leader who is a full-spectrum conservative on social issues like marriage, on fiscal issues like Obamacare and the debt ceiling, and on liberty issues like the role of the courts."


Someone, he says, like Texas Sen. Ted Cruz.


Christie was already in the sights of social conservatives for opposing so-called gay-conversion therapy for minors, and nominating an openly gay judge to the state Supreme Court.


"I don't see outrage," Vander Plaats says about reaction to Christie among those in his wing of the party, "just confirmation of their suspicions."


Same-sex marriage became legal in Iowa in 2009 through a state Supreme Court decision. A recent poll showed that while a majority of the state's voters oppose a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriages, a majority of Republicans — including 61 percent of evangelical Christians — support such a prohibition.


Back in New Hampshire, Pindell says the state's motto of "Live Free or Die" still informs voters' ideology about social issues.


"Most Republicans when you ask them about abortion or same-sex marriage, their answer is, 'I don't care,' " he said. "This will set Chris Christie apart from what will likely be a crowded primary field, and in a way he could benefit."


Though Ingle, the New Jersey columnist and author of Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power, notes that the 2016 presidential race is still "so far away," it's never too soon to begin the political speculation, right?


Ted Cruz, after all, is heading to Iowa this week to give the keynote address at the state Republican Party's annual Reagan Dinner and to go hunting with Rep. Steve King, a social conservative and Tea Party Republican.


Source: http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2013/10/21/239270300/christies-gay-marriage-decision-has-primary-consequences?ft=1&f=1014
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Monday, October 21, 2013

It's Teen Driver Safety Week--Do You Know How Your Kids Are ...


Teen Driver - Ed Cunicelli, courtesy The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Teen Driver - Ed Cunicelli, courtesy The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Enlarge Photo

For millions of teens, driving is considered a rite of passage, a golden ticket to freedom and independence. Learning to drive safely is of paramount importance as teens approach this important milestone.


Now in its seventh year, the National Teen Driver Safety Week is an annual awareness-raising time designated by Congress to encourage safe teen driver and passenger behavior. This year’s theme is ‘It Takes Two: Shared Expectations for Teens and Parents for Driving.”


MORE: See Teach Your Teen How To Park A Car and Teens Drive More Dangerously With Other Teens In The Car


According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), a young driver in the U.S. is involved in a fatal car crash nearly every two hours. That’s from 2011 statistics that showed more than 5,000 young drivers (ages 15-20) were involved in fatal car crashes, with more than 1,900 deaths and 180,000 injuries behind the wheel.


During the National Teen Driver Safety Week, Oct. 20-26, parents and teens are encouraged to discuss a workable strategy to ensure that teens receive supervised driving practice, beef up knowledge on critical driving skills, and work on family rules regarding teen driving at full licensure.


Tips for parents


Recent research from the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety (FTS) found that nearly half of parents reported that they wanted their teens to “get a lot of practice,” when asked about plans for their teens’ driving, yet only about one in four parents mentioned practicing under a variety of conditions or situations, such as backing up, driving on unfamiliar roads, in heavy traffic or bad weather.


  • Provide 65+ hours of supervised driving practice for your teen. Sounds challenging, but parents can keep a driving log and follow a driving lesson timeline to ensure their teens get lots of varied practice while learning to drive and are carefully monitored for the first year after receiving their license.

  • Create the right learning environment – stay calm, be respectful, and give appropriate feedback.

  • Know what your teen doesn’t know. A recent study by the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia found that 75 percent of serious teen crashes were due to a critical teen driver error. Three common errors accounted for nearly half of all serious crashes: driving too fast for conditions, being distracted, and failure to detect a hazard.

  • Teach critical driving skills such as how to scan for hazards, adjusting speed for road conditions such as dense traffic, blind curves and roads that are poorly lit.
    In the FTS survey, less than five percent of parents in the study were observed sharing more complex driving tips, such as visual scanning or anticipating other drivers’ behavior.

  • Set a positive example by wearing your seatbelt at all times, observing all speed limits and traffic laws, minimizing distractions, and avoiding use of a cell phone when driving.

  • Develop house rules for your teen’s first year of independent driving. These may include limits on peer passengers, no cell phone use, and restricted driving times (such as bi driving past 9 p.m.).
    Nearly half (47 percent) of parents surveyed said there was still at least one condition where they weren’t comfortable allowing their teen to drive unsupervised even after passing their driving test and obtaining a license to drive independently.

Tips for teens


  • Ask for practice with your parent. Make it easy by keeping a driving log and following a driving lesson timeline to ensure your parent gives you enough varied practice while learning to drive and careful monitoring for your first year after you obtain your license.

  • Know what you don’t know. Your parent will likely focus on the three common errors that account for nearly half of all serious crashes: driving too fast for conditions on the road, being distracted behind the wheel, and failing to detect hazards.

  • Ask your parent to teach you critical driving skills. You need experience and practice to learn safe speed management, how to recognize and avoid distractions and how to scan for hazards in sufficient time to react and avoid a potential crash.

  • Agree on house rules you and your parents set for your first year of independent driving.

___________________________________________


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Source: http://www.thecarconnection.com/news/1087728_its-teen-driver-safety-week--do-you-know-how-your-kids-are-driving
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Comodo PC Tuneup


If you'd like to blow the cobwebs out of a sluggish PC, a tune-up utility suite such as the Comodo PC Tuneup (formerly known as Comodo System Utilities) can do the job well by deleting unused files and fixing the registry—the common source for PC problems. The $19.99 Comodo PC Tuneup also packs a few other neat utilities (such as registry cleaner, file restoration, disk wiping, and live customer support), but it isn't quite as effective as SlimWare SlimCleaner (free) or Iolo System Mechanic 12.



System Requirements and Interface
Like other tune-up utilities, Comodo PC Tuneup has meager system requirements. It demands just 32MB of RAM and 20MB of hard drive space, and there are also 32- and 64-bit versions for the Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP operating systems. After downloading, installing, and launching Comodo PC Tuneup, you're presented with a slick, redesigned home screen.


The interface is divided into two sections: a sidebar on the left filled with a variety of system-cleaning options, which, when clicked, you can activate in the main content area. The new homescreen is an evolution of Comodo System Utilities' homescreen, and is both attractive and functional.




The Clean-Up Process
Comodo discovered numerous registry issues, which is on par with PC Tools Performance Toolkit. I tested Comodo PC Tuneup's ability to clean up a PC by performing two tests—running the Geekbench system performance tool, and measuring boot times—before and after running the Comodo app. Each test was run three times and the results averaged.


Before Comodo scrubbed the system, the 2-GHz Intel Core i7 X990 Style-Note notebook with 4GB of RAM, and 80GB Intel SSD booted achieved a 5,914 Geekbench score, and booted in 50.2 seconds. After using Comodo System Utilities, the GeekBench score improved to 6,156 (a score that was surpassed by SlimCleaner's 6,338). The notebook boot time decreased slightly to 42.4 seconds, which is slightly slower than SlimCleaner's 41.1 seconds.


In addition to running formal tests, I also spent time using the cleaned up system to see what the experience is like. Overall post-Comodo system performance felt snappier when opening iTunes and Steam in the cleaned-up environment.


Comodo PC Tuneup


Comodo PC Tuneup includes a number of other features besides the repair functionality. There's also a "Duplicate Finder" that removes multiple versions of the same file. "Registry Protection" and "SafeDelete" automatically recover any files that were deleted in error and restore your system to its previous state should any problems occur—a welcomes addition that let me recover files with ease. You cn install an optional customer support module, too.


"Autorun Manager" lets you select which programs you want to launch during startup. Deactivating programs that you don't use very often can decrease a PC's boot time Comodo detected a dozen programs; I deactivated many, but there were a few obscure ones such as NvCplDaemon that I didn't recognize—some research revealed that it's related to Nvidia graphics drivers. The average user may need to show discipline and tread lightly so as not to delete something vital to other software and hardware. You can also add programs to the Autrorun Manager lists so you can give them launch instructions.


A Solid Performer
Like other tune-up utilities, Comodo PC Tuneup will improve your PC's performance, but it comes with the added benefit of no installation limits. It may not possess PC Tools Performance Toolkits' deep file recovery features or SlimCleaner's effectiveness, but Comodo PC Tuneup is a very solid selection for those who may require customer support.


Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/vT15O1tzU5E/0,2817,2370702,00.asp
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Weatherizing homes to uniform standard can achieve $33 billion in annual energy savings

Weatherizing homes to uniform standard can achieve $33 billion in annual energy savings


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DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory



Berkeley Lab energy efficiency experts also calculate energy cost of upgrading ventilation



With winter around the corner some homeowners may be thinking about plugging all the leaks in their home to make them less drafty. Imagine if every homeowner in the country did thathow much energy could be saved? Using physics-based modeling of the U.S. housing stock, researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) found in a new study that upgrading airtightness to a uniform level could achieve as much as $33 billion in annual energy savings.


"Currently people who weatherize can get their homes about 20 to 30 percent tighter. But they're not sealing all the cracks. There's still quite a bit left on the table, and those extra leaks and cracks could potentially save a lot of energy," said Berkeley Lab scientist Jennifer Logue, lead author of the study, "Energy impacts of envelope tightening and mechanical ventilation for the U.S. residential sector," which was recently published online in the journal Energy and Buildings. Her co-authors were Berkeley Lab scientists Max Sherman, Iain Walker and Brett Singer.


Logue said the purpose of their study was to figure how much energy is wasted from leaky homes and determine the optimal standard of airtightnessone that would maximize energy savings while minimizing the cost of achieving those savings. This is an important question because the residential sector113 million homesuses about 23 percent of total U.S. source energy annually. (Source energy includes site energy, the energy consumed by buildings for heating and electricity, as well as the raw energy required to transmit, deliver and produce it.) Heating and cooling accounts for about half of the site energy used in residences.


The largest potential savings are in the hottest and coldest climates. As new air enters homes through leaks and cracks, it has to be cooled or heated. Although the trend has been towards building tighter houses, Logue says the science is still not settled on the best ways to minimize leaks. "More research is needed to figure out what are the most effective ways to weatherize," she said. "There are still benefits to be gained if we can figure out how to weatherize more effectively."


The Berkeley Lab researchers considered five levels of tightening: "average" tightening, "advanced" tightening, the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) standard, the R2000 standard (common in Canada, tighter than IECC) and the "passive house" standard, the tightest and most difficult to achieve.


They found that upgrading all homes to be as airtight as the top 10 percent of similar homes (advanced tightening) would decrease energy demand by 2.6 quads annuallyout of the total 22 quads of source energy used by the residential housing sectorleading to roughly $22 billion in savings in energy bills. Reaching the IECC standard would yield savings of 3.83 quads in annual source energy, yielding $33 billion in savings.


The study found that the IECC standard offered most of the benefit that the tighter standards would yield. Moreover this standard is likely more achievable than the tighter standards. According to their analysis, raising the U.S. housing stock to the IECC standard would reduce airflow in homes by a median value of 50 percent.


"As we move forward and look to build better housing stock, we want to know what standards we should enforce," Logue said. "It looks like the IECC standard gets us the majority of the benefit of air sealing. More research is needed to determine the costs of implementing each of these standards in new homes to see which are cost-effective. As we get better at air sealing, we can move towards tighter envelopes in buildings. "


The analysis in the study factored in the energy costs of increasing ventilation where necessary to maintain good indoor air quality. A separate analysis looked at the energy cost of only bringing the housing stock into compliance with ASHRAE 62.2, a national ventilation standard for homes that ensures sufficient ventilation for human health.


"We found that the energy burden would be pretty small, only about an additional 0.2 quads of source energy annually"less than 0.1 percent of total source energy that goes to the residential housing sector"to get everyone to the level where they're getting enough whole-house ventilation," Logue said.


###


Funding for this study came from the Department of Energy, the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the California Energy Commission.



Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory addresses the world's most urgent scientific challenges by advancing sustainable energy, protecting human health, creating new materials, and revealing the origin and fate of the universe. Founded in 1931, Berkeley Lab's scientific expertise has been recognized with 13 Nobel prizes. The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. For more, visit http://www.lbl.gov.




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Weatherizing homes to uniform standard can achieve $33 billion in annual energy savings


[ Back to EurekAlert! ]

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

21-Oct-2013



[


| E-mail

]


Share Share

Contact: Julie Chao
jhchao@lbl.gov
510-486-6491
DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory



Berkeley Lab energy efficiency experts also calculate energy cost of upgrading ventilation



With winter around the corner some homeowners may be thinking about plugging all the leaks in their home to make them less drafty. Imagine if every homeowner in the country did thathow much energy could be saved? Using physics-based modeling of the U.S. housing stock, researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) found in a new study that upgrading airtightness to a uniform level could achieve as much as $33 billion in annual energy savings.


"Currently people who weatherize can get their homes about 20 to 30 percent tighter. But they're not sealing all the cracks. There's still quite a bit left on the table, and those extra leaks and cracks could potentially save a lot of energy," said Berkeley Lab scientist Jennifer Logue, lead author of the study, "Energy impacts of envelope tightening and mechanical ventilation for the U.S. residential sector," which was recently published online in the journal Energy and Buildings. Her co-authors were Berkeley Lab scientists Max Sherman, Iain Walker and Brett Singer.


Logue said the purpose of their study was to figure how much energy is wasted from leaky homes and determine the optimal standard of airtightnessone that would maximize energy savings while minimizing the cost of achieving those savings. This is an important question because the residential sector113 million homesuses about 23 percent of total U.S. source energy annually. (Source energy includes site energy, the energy consumed by buildings for heating and electricity, as well as the raw energy required to transmit, deliver and produce it.) Heating and cooling accounts for about half of the site energy used in residences.


The largest potential savings are in the hottest and coldest climates. As new air enters homes through leaks and cracks, it has to be cooled or heated. Although the trend has been towards building tighter houses, Logue says the science is still not settled on the best ways to minimize leaks. "More research is needed to figure out what are the most effective ways to weatherize," she said. "There are still benefits to be gained if we can figure out how to weatherize more effectively."


The Berkeley Lab researchers considered five levels of tightening: "average" tightening, "advanced" tightening, the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) standard, the R2000 standard (common in Canada, tighter than IECC) and the "passive house" standard, the tightest and most difficult to achieve.


They found that upgrading all homes to be as airtight as the top 10 percent of similar homes (advanced tightening) would decrease energy demand by 2.6 quads annuallyout of the total 22 quads of source energy used by the residential housing sectorleading to roughly $22 billion in savings in energy bills. Reaching the IECC standard would yield savings of 3.83 quads in annual source energy, yielding $33 billion in savings.


The study found that the IECC standard offered most of the benefit that the tighter standards would yield. Moreover this standard is likely more achievable than the tighter standards. According to their analysis, raising the U.S. housing stock to the IECC standard would reduce airflow in homes by a median value of 50 percent.


"As we move forward and look to build better housing stock, we want to know what standards we should enforce," Logue said. "It looks like the IECC standard gets us the majority of the benefit of air sealing. More research is needed to determine the costs of implementing each of these standards in new homes to see which are cost-effective. As we get better at air sealing, we can move towards tighter envelopes in buildings. "


The analysis in the study factored in the energy costs of increasing ventilation where necessary to maintain good indoor air quality. A separate analysis looked at the energy cost of only bringing the housing stock into compliance with ASHRAE 62.2, a national ventilation standard for homes that ensures sufficient ventilation for human health.


"We found that the energy burden would be pretty small, only about an additional 0.2 quads of source energy annually"less than 0.1 percent of total source energy that goes to the residential housing sector"to get everyone to the level where they're getting enough whole-house ventilation," Logue said.


###


Funding for this study came from the Department of Energy, the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the California Energy Commission.



Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory addresses the world's most urgent scientific challenges by advancing sustainable energy, protecting human health, creating new materials, and revealing the origin and fate of the universe. Founded in 1931, Berkeley Lab's scientific expertise has been recognized with 13 Nobel prizes. The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. For more, visit http://www.lbl.gov.




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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-10/dbnl-wht102113.php
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Finally, the Underwater Wireless Modem We've All Been Waiting For




Researchers from the University at Buffalo on Lake Erie. Photo: Douglas Levere/University at Buffalo



You can use the internet in Antarctica. You can tweet from the International Space Station. And wireless internet blankets much of the globe.


But go underwater and it’s pretty hard to find TCP/IP. Until now, that is. Welcome to the Internet of Things, undersea edition.


Researchers at the University at Buffalo have floated their first wireless internet modems, designed for underwater use. They’re gigantic, slow, and noisy, but they could be a step toward making undersea sensors cheaper and easier to hook up to the rest of the world.


On a warm fall afternoon last month, the Buffalo researchers chartered a 25-foot yacht, sailed out into Buffalo’s Small Harbor and dropped three of the yellow 40-pound acoustic modems into the placid waters of Lake Erie.


The Teledyne Benthos modems, which resemble oversized tinker toy components, talk underwater using a high-pitched chirping sound, which can be easily picked up at about 1 kilometer’s range.


Typically they use their own networking protocols, but funded by a National Science Foundation grant, the University at Buffalo team has plugged them into a Gumstix Linux board and reprogrammed the modem to speak an aquatic version of TCP/IP — the networking protocol that all devices on the Internet use to communicate with each other.


“This means that you can take an underwater network and make it accessible through the internet,” says Tommaso Melodia, the professor at the University at Buffalo who is leading the research effort. He sees these networked underwater sensors doing everything from monitoring for tsunamis to scouting for submarines to helping with deep sea exploration.


But these networks are very, very slow. In fact, that’s why Melodia and his team had to rewrite TCP/IP. On dry land, we can use high frequency radio waves to transmit our internet data at near-light speeds. They’re fast, high-bandwidth and inaudible. But radio doesn’t do so well underwater. There you need acoustic networking. It’s slow, low bandwidth and audible to both humans and sea creatures.



Photo: Douglas Levere/University at Buffalo



So the University at Buffalo researchers had to get their modems to work even when there is a very long wait time as packets are chirped underwater from modem to modem.


“You go pretty much at the same data rates that you would be able to achieve with a modem in the ’80s; it’s a few kilobits per second at most, and often less than that,” says Melodia. That’s not enough to broadcast a video stream from the deep seas, but if you want to hack together a deep sea sensor that could tweet out a Tsunami warning, it would do just fine.


In the future, Melodia wants to develop a high frequency version of the modem, which would be less likely to affect marine life. “Underwater and acoustic networking are still in their infancy, and are evolving,” he says, adding, “much of our ongoing research in this field is trying to lay the basis for faster, more reliable, and secure… networks.”


Melodia and his team will present a paper on their research, titled “The Internet Underwater: An IP-compatible Protocol Stack for Commercial Undersea Modems,” at an underwater networking conference in Taiwan next month.



Source: http://feeds.wired.com/c/35185/f/661370/s/328744c3/sc/15/l/0L0Swired0N0Cwiredenterprise0C20A130C10A0Cundersea0C/story01.htm
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Egypt police, protesters clash at Cairo university

Egyptians run from tear gas after clashes erupted between Al-Azhar students and police forces during a protest in the Nasr City district of Cairo, Sunday, Oct. 20, 2013. The protests were the second in two days at Al-Azhar University, Sunni Islam’s most prominent center of learning. Many supporters of ousted Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi’s Muslim Brotherhood group are students at Al-Azhar, a stronghold of the group and steps from former site of an Islamists’ sprawling protest camp which came under heavy crackdown by security forces on Aug. 14, leaving hundreds dead and sparking days of unrest and violence across the country. (AP Photo/Heba el-Kholy, El Shorouk Newspaper) EGYPT OUT







Egyptians run from tear gas after clashes erupted between Al-Azhar students and police forces during a protest in the Nasr City district of Cairo, Sunday, Oct. 20, 2013. The protests were the second in two days at Al-Azhar University, Sunni Islam’s most prominent center of learning. Many supporters of ousted Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi’s Muslim Brotherhood group are students at Al-Azhar, a stronghold of the group and steps from former site of an Islamists’ sprawling protest camp which came under heavy crackdown by security forces on Aug. 14, leaving hundreds dead and sparking days of unrest and violence across the country. (AP Photo/Heba el-Kholy, El Shorouk Newspaper) EGYPT OUT







(AP) — Egyptian anti-riot police fired tear gas Sunday at hundreds of supporters of the country's ousted Islamist president, besieging them inside a prestigious Muslim institution after stone-hurling protesters cut off a main road.

Sunday's clashes marked the second day of unrest at Al-Azhar University, Sunni Islam's most prominent center of learning. Many supporters of ousted President Mohammed Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood are students at Al-Azhar, a stronghold of the group. The campus is also near where Islamists had a sprawling protest camp that security forces raided in August, leaving hundreds dead and sparking days of unrest.

The students' protest started with a march inside campus, where protesters hurled stones at the administrator's offices, smashing windows and breaking doors, said Ibrahim el-Houdhoud, deputy head of the university. He told satellite news channel Al-Jazeera Mubashir Misr that he warned protesters against leaving campus and clashing with security forces.

The protesters however ignored the advice, marching out of the main gates to hold "prayers for the dead" — honoring students killed in earlier clashes between security forces and protesters in July.

The protests come amid heated debate over a new law that would place tougher restrictions on demonstrators, which includes imposing heavy fines and possible jail time on violators.

Morsi was overthrown by the military July 3 after millions took to the streets to demand he step down. Since then, Cairo has seen non-stop demonstrations by his supporters demanding his return. A military-backed crackdown has left hundreds dead and seen thousands arrested.

Ousting Morsi escalated militant attacks in Egypt, especially in the volatile Sinai peninsula. Egypt's interior minister escaped an assassination attempt when a car bomb targeted his convoy near his residence in Cairo last month.

There also have been attacks against Coptic Christian churches. On Sunday night, masked gunmen on motorcycles opened fire on a group of people at a Coptic church holding a wedding in Cairo, killing a man, a woman and an 8-year-old girl, according to a statement from the Interior Ministry. The ministry did not offer a motive for the shooting, which happened in Cairo's Waraa neighborhood.

Egypt's official news agency MENA also reported that two members of Central Security Forces were injured Sunday when their bus came under attack near border town of Rafah in northern Sinai. Militants attacked the bus with automatic weapons and fled the scene. The soldiers were heading to their camp in Rafah.

Associated PressSource: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-10-20-Egypt/id-ae9981280aa042babe636d1e3d8125ab
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Taylor Momsen Looks Devilish in "Going to Hell" Music Video

After nearly two years of seeming dormancy, Taylor Momsen and her band, The Pretty Reckless, just released the music video for their latest single, "Going to Hell."


“FINALLY our first video in over 2 years #goingtohellishere,” the 20-year-old songstress tweeted about the release the video to her fans today (October 16).


Currently on tour to promote the new single, The Pretty Reckless's new album is slated for release next year. The 20-year-old Momsen also tweeted today, saying, "#GoingtoHell tonight in Vancouver at Rio Theatre. Check out the new video."


Stay linked to GossipCenter for the latest news and updates about Taylor Momsen and The Pretty Reckless's continuing rise to fame!



Source: http://celebrity-gossip.net/taylor-momsen/taylor-momsen-looks-devilish-going-hell-music-video-944303
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Disbelief to relief: World greets US budget deal

President Barack Obama speaks in the State Dining Room of the White House in Washington on Thursday, Oct. 17, 2013. Lawmakers Wednesday voted to avoid a financial default and reopen the government after a 16-day partial shutdown. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)







President Barack Obama speaks in the State Dining Room of the White House in Washington on Thursday, Oct. 17, 2013. Lawmakers Wednesday voted to avoid a financial default and reopen the government after a 16-day partial shutdown. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)







From left, Sen. Jeff Sessions, R-Ala., House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan, R-Wisc., Senate Budget Committee Chair Patty Murray, D-Wash., and Rep. Chris Van Hollen, D-Md., wind up outlining their approach to tackling the nation’s debt problems in the Senate Reception Room at the Capitol in Washington, Thursday, Oct. 17, 2013. With last-minute legislation passed in Congress that reopened the government and averted a national default, bipartisan budget conferees from both houses of Congress emerge from an initial meeting in the Capitol. (AP Photo/ Scott Applewhite)







Speaker of the House John Boehner, R-Ohio, walks to the chamber for the vote on a Senate-passed bill that would avert a threatened Treasury default and reopen the government after a partial, 16-day shutdown, at the Capitol in Washington, Wednesday, Oct. 16, 2013. The end to the rancorous standoff between the Democratic-controlled Senate and the Republican-controlled House was hastened by the imminent deadline to extend the debt ceiling to avoid a national default. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)







In this image from House Television, with partial voting totals on the screen, a woman, at the rostrum just below the House presiding officer, seen between the "yea" and "nay" wording, is removed from the House chamber after she began shouting during the vote for the bill to end the partial 16-day government shutdown and to fund the government. The woman was described by lawmakers and aides as a long-time House stenographer. (AP Photo/House TV)







(AP) — The world's disbelief at the political impasse in the U.S. turned to relief Thursday as the country stepped back from the brink of default. But experts and foreign officials warned that Washington's credibility had been damaged — a point President Barack Obama echoed.

The deal may assure only a few months of financial order, and the prospect of another possible crisis early next year when the agreement lapses leaves many wondering about the stability of U.S. global leadership.

Nicholas Kitchen, a political scientist at the London School of Economics, said the shutdown had tarnished the reputation of the U.S.

"In showing itself to be unable to even run its own affairs competently the U.S. in some sense surrenders claims to global leadership," he said. "It's difficult to tell other people how to run their affairs when you can't keep your own house in order."

He said that when countries look successful, other countries look to follow their lead.

"The U.S. is not doing a very good job at the moment in showing itself to be a model of good governance," he said.

Still, he said the crisis isn't likely to have a long-term impact on U.S. influence, despite the embarrassment of Obama having to cancel a long-planned trip to Asia to deal with the impasse at home.

British Labour Party legislator Ann Clwyd said she and other members of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee were watching closely because of a planned official trip to Washington in two weeks' time — they wouldn't be traveling if the government remained shuttered.

She said her time in the European Parliament, where budget shutdowns have happened more than once, convinced her that a last-minute settlement was likely. But she feared that Obama's health care plan might be gutted as part of a deal with the Republicans.

"The fact that that didn't happen is very positive," she said. "I very much hoped that would survive."

Clwyd said the credibility of the U.S. was only slightly damaged by the prolonged shutdown, since it was resolved in time to avert financial disaster. But she said the U.S. has in recent months been failing to provide leadership on difficult Middle East issues, including Syria and the Arab-Israeli conflict.

There was also relief in Brussels at the heart of the European Union as the U.S. stepped back from the brink.

Simon O'Connor, spokesman for the EU's economic and monetary affairs commissioner Olli Rehn, said a "serious large shadow" that threatened both the global economy and the nascent recovery in Europe has been lifted with the resolution of the debt ceiling crisis.

"That's very good news which we strongly welcome," he said.

Many in Europe enjoyed poking fun at the apparently broken U.S. political system, but the pleasure of laughing at America's troubles seemed to fade as default neared.

The Tea Party movement got short shrift in many quarters, with the Sueddeutsche Zeitung newspaper in Munich, Germany suggesting that Obama was lucky to have such feeble adversaries.

"It is easy to remain the reasonable, serene statesman if you are dealing with concrete-headed , self-righteous nihilists like the Tea Party lawmakers," the influential newspaper said in a commentary. "It is easy to reject all negotiations if the other side acts like a crazy extortionist gang. Obama played the PR -game of guilt and innocence very cleverly. According to the polls, he wins hands down. But that is not the primary task of the president."

The newspaper said Obama had not handled his responsibility as president well despite his apparent victory over the Tea Party.

Xenia Dormandy, director of the Americas program at London's Chatham House, said the U.S. image had suffered a double blow, with both its economic and political credentials called into question

"There is a sense that the U.S. as a reliable ally is not necessarily the case anymore," she said, warning that both American allies and adversaries have reached this conclusion. But she, like others, said the damage is most likely short term.

Politics aside, there were individual signs of relief in many parts of the globe. In the South Korean capital, Seoul, 26-year-old college senior Lee Boo-gun said he thought the U.S. economy had been about to collapse — an event he believed would shortly be felt at his door.

"I thought it would affect Korea's economy," he said. "The U.S. would hit Europe and then it would affect Asia."

He expressed relief that reason had prevailed.

In Israel, a key American ally in the Middle East, commentators said the fight hurt America's overall image even though a deal had been reached before it was too late.

"There is no doubt that damage was done here to the image of American economic stability," Israel's economic envoy to Washington, Eli Groner, told Israel's Army Radio. "It's not good for the financial markets, not in the United States and not around the world."

In Brazil, a large holder of U.S. debt, there was certainly relief, but also concerns that it's just a temporary fix and more turbulence is ahead. Finance Minister Guido Mantega said the U.S. must come to a lasting answer to the "temporary solution" that was found. He added that as long as the threat of another shutdown exists, there will be "a sensation of insecurity, distrust and therefore damage to business in general."

Brazil's biggest newspapers carried headlines like O Globo's "Temporary Relief" and leading economic columnist Miriam Leitao summed up the mood in the daily.

"Nobody won. Everybody lost. The Obama government was held prisoner by blackmail. The Republican party allowed itself to be controlled by a radical minority and no longer represents the average American's way of thinking," Leitao wrote. "The government as a whole lost credibility and today there is more uncertainty surrounding the world economy."

___

AP Business Writers Joe McDonald in Beijing, Kelvin Chan in Hong Kong, Youkyung Lee in Seoul and Kay Johnson in Mumbai and AP Writers Robert Reid in Berlin, Peter Enav in Taipei, Tim Sullivan in New Delhi, Tia Goldenberg in Jerusalem, Bradley Brooks in Sao Paulo and Cassandra Vinograd and Sylvia Hui in London contributed to this report.

Associated PressSource: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-10-17-Budget%20Battle-World/id-97e8040d776d41f6b5bbbbcc54a3bd51
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Sunday, October 20, 2013

Phelps Back At The Pool, Still Mum On Comeback


Michael Phelps has been working out with his former coach but is still not ready to announce a much-speculated comeback to swimming in time for the Rio Olympics.


Bob Bowman told The Associated Press on Sunday that Phelps has been swimming occasionally with the North Baltimore Aquatic Club — largely as a means of getting in better shape.


Phelps and Bowman remain close friends and business partners.


The winningest Olympian with 18 golds and 22 medals overall announced his retirement from swimming after the 2012 London Games.


Initially adamant he would never compete again, Phelps softened his stance this past summer after reports began swirling of an imminent comeback. He told the AP during the world championships in Barcelona that he doesn't "know what's going to happen in the future."


Source: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=238666480&ft=1&f=
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Only in This Decade (talking-points-memo)

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